सुप्रभातम् - चरकसंहिता - सूत्रस्थानम् - एकविंशोऽध्यायः

सेवा रूक्षान्नपानानां लङ्घनं प्रमिताशनम्।

क्रियातियोगः शोकश्च वेगनिद्राविनिग्रहः॥

रूक्षस्योद्वर्तनं स्नानस्याभ्यासः प्रकृतिर्जरा।

विकारानुशयः क्रोधः कुर्वन्त्यतिकृशं नरम्॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/११-१२)

Indulgence in the intake of dry (non-unctuous) diets and drinks, fasting, intake of food in inadequate quantity, overuse of therapeutic purificatory measures, grief, suppression of natural urges, inadequate sleep or sleep deprivation, dry powder massage, indulgence in baths, heredity, old age, continued illness and anger make a person too lean.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/11-12)

व्यायाममतिसौहित्यं क्षुत्पिपासामयौषधम् ।

कृशो न सहते तद्वदतिशीतोष्णमैथुनम्॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/१३)

The excessively lean person does not tolerate physical exercise, intake of food in large quantities, hunger, thirst, diseases, and drugs. They also cannot tolerate too much cold, heat and sexual intercourse.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/13)

शुष्कस्फिगुदरग्रीवो धमनीजालसन्ततः।

त्वगस्थिशोषोऽतिकृशः स्थूलपर्वा नरो मतः॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/१५)

The excessively lean person has dried up buttocks, abdomen and neck, the prominent vascular network is mostly “skin and bones” with thickened nodes.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/15)

सततं व्याधितावेतावतिस्थूलकृशौ नरौ।

सततं चोपचर्यौ हि कर्शनैर्बृंहणैरपि॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/१६)

Both these undesirable types of people (too obese and too lean) always suffer from some disease or the other and need to be constantly managed by bulk-reducing and bulk-promoting therapies respectively.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/16)

सममांसप्रमाणस्तु समसंहननो नरः।

दृढेन्द्रियो विकाराणां न बलेनाभिभूयते॥

क्षुत्पिपासातपसहः शीतव्यायामसंसहः।

समपक्ता समजरः सममांसचयो मतः॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/१८-१९)

A person with a balanced proportion of muscles and compactness of the body and firmness in sense organs is not overcome by the onslaught of disorders. Such people can tolerate hunger, thirst, the heat of the sun, cold and physical exercise. Their digestion, assimilation of food and muscle metabolism is in a state of equilibrium.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/19)

गुरु चातर्पणं चेष्टं स्थूलानां कर्शनं प्रति।

कृशानां बृंहणार्थं च लघु सन्तर्पणं च यत्॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/२०)

Heavy and non-nourishing (diet) therapy are prescribed for slimming in the case of the too obese, while for promoting the bulk of the too lean light and nourishing therapy is prescribed.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/20)

स्वप्नो हर्षः सुखा शय्या मनसो निर्वृतिः शमः। चिन्ताव्यवायव्यायामविरामः प्रियदर्शनम्॥

नवान्नानि नवं मद्यं ग्राम्यानूपौदका रसाः। संस्कृतानि च मांसानि दधि सर्पिः पयांसि च॥

इक्षवः शालयो माषा गोधूमा गुडवैकृतम्। बस्तयः स्निग्धमधुरास्तैलाभ्यङ्गश्च सर्वदा॥

स्निग्धमुद्वर्तनं स्नानं गन्धमाल्यनिषेवणम्। शुक्लं वासो यथाकालं दोषाणामवसेचनम्॥

रसायनानां वृष्याणां योगानामुपसेवनम्। हत्वाऽतिकार्श्यमाधत्ते नृणामुपचयं परम्॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/२९-३३)

Sleep, exhilaration, comfortable bed, contentment, relaxed mind, abstinence from anxiety, sexual act and physical exercise, cheerfulness, newly harvested cereals, fresh wine, meat soup of animals residing in domestic, marshy and aquatic areas, well-cooked and prepared meat, curd, ghee, milk, sugarcane, shali rice, masha (Phaseolus radiates Linn.), wheat and its products, jaggery and its products, enema consisting of unctuous and sweet drugs, regular oil massage, unctuous bath, use of fragrance and garlands, use of white dress, elimination of doshas in due time and regular use of rejuvenating and aphrodisiac formulations to reduce excessive leanness and nourish the body.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/29-33)

अचिन्तनाच्च कार्याणां ध्रुवं सन्तर्पणेन च।

स्वप्नप्रसङ्गाच्च नरो वराह इव पुष्यति॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/३४)

Freedom from anxiety about any work, intake of nourishing diet and adequate sleep makes the man too obese like a pig.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/34)

यदा तु मनसि क्लान्ते कर्मात्मानः क्लमान्विताः।

विषयेभ्यो निवर्तन्ते तदा स्वपिति मानवः॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/३५)

An individual falls asleep when his mind including the sensory and motor organs get exhausted, and they dissociate themselves from their objects.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/35)

निद्रायत्तं सुखं दुःखं पुष्टिः कार्श्यं बलाबलम्।

वृषता क्लीबता ज्ञानमज्ञानं जीवितं न च॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/३६)

Happiness and misery, nourishment and emaciation, strength and weakness, fertility and infertility, knowledge and ignorance, and life and death depend upon proper (and improper sleep)

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/36)

अकालेऽतिप्रसङ्गाच्च न च निद्रा निषेविता। सुखायुषी पराकुर्यात् कालरात्रिरिवापरा॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/३७)

Untimely, excessive sleep and sleep deprivation take away both happiness and longevity from a person.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/37)

सैव युक्ता पुनर्युङ्क्ते निद्रा देहं सुखायुषा।

पुरुषं योगिनं सिद्ध्या सत्या बुद्धिरिवागता॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/३८)

Proper sleep brings about happiness and longevity in human beings just as real knowledge brings about spiritual power in yogis.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/38)

ग्रीष्मवर्ज्येषु कालेषु दिवास्वप्नात् प्रकुप्यतः। श्लेष्मपित्ते दिवास्वप्नस्तस्मात्तेषु न शस्यते॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/४४)

Sleeping during daytime is contraindicated in the seasons other than summer because it causes vitiation of kapha and pitta.

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/44)

रात्रौ जागरणं रूक्षं स्निग्धं प्रस्वपनं दिवा।

अरूक्षमनभिष्यन्दि त्वासीनप्रचलायितम्॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/५०)

Staying up late at night causes roughness in the body and sleeping during the day causes snigdhata (unctuousness). However, napping in sitting posture does not cause roughness or unctuousness

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/50)

कायस्य शिरसश्चैव विरेकश्छर्दनं भयम्। 

चिन्ता क्रोधस्तथा धूमो व्यायामो रक्तमोक्षणम्॥

उपवासोऽसुखा शय्या सत्त्वौदार्यं तमोजयः। 

निद्राप्रसङ्गमहितं वारयन्ति समुत्थितम्॥

 एत एव च विज्ञेया निद्रानाशस्य हेतवः। 

कार्यं कालो विकारश्च प्रकृतिर्वायुरेव च॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/५५-५७)

Elimination of doshas from the body and the head through purgation and emesis, predominance of sattva and suppression of Tamas, emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger, habits and activities such as smoking, physical exercise, bloodletting, fasting, and environmental settings such as uncomfortable bed go a long way in overcoming excessive sleepiness/hypersomnolence. The above-mentioned factors, along with overwork, old age, Vatika diseases, Vatika constitution and aggravation of vata itself, are known to cause sleeplessness even in a normal individual. Some are insomniac even by nature. 

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/55-57)

तमोभवा श्लेष्मसमुद्भवा च मनःशरीरश्रमसम्भवा च।

आगन्तुकी व्याध्यनुवर्तिनी च रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा च निद्रा॥

रात्रिस्वभावप्रभवा मता या तां भूतधात्रीं प्रवदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः। तमोभवामाहुरघस्य मूलं शेषाः पुनर्व्याधिषु निर्दिशन्ति॥

(चरकसंहिता-सूत्रस्थानम्-२१/५८-५९)

Sleep is of seven types, categorized by its cause: Tamas, vitiated kapha, mental exertion, physical exertion, exogenous factors, diseases, and normal (night time). Natural sleep (sleeping at night) is the best form of sleep. This is also known as Bhutadhatri, or “that which nurses all the living beings." The form of sleep that is caused by Tamas is the cause of all sinful acts while the remaining types are observed in specific situations and ailments

(Charakasamhita Sutrasthanam 21/58-59)